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Mock-epic

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A mock-epic, also known as a mock-heroic, is a form of satire that uses the elevated style and conventions of classical epic poetry to depict trivial or mundane subjects humorously. By juxtaposing grandiose language and formal structure with lowly subject matter, mock-epic poetry creates a comedic effect, often to critique or mock societal norms, human follies, or literary pretensions.

The mock-epic genre emerged during the late Renaissance and gained popularity in the 17th and 18th centuries, particularly in England and France. It often parodied the classical epics of Homer, Virgil, and Milton and contemporary literary works and styles. These poems frequently served as social commentary, critiquing the pretensions of the upper classes, the superficiality of societal norms, and the vanity of human pursuits.

Characteristics

Elevated Style

Mimics the lofty diction, elaborate metaphors, and formal structure of classical epics like those of Homer and Virgil.

Grandiose Language

Uses inflated, exaggerated language to describe trivial events, creating a humorous contrast between style and subject.

Epic Conventions

Incorporates traditional epic elements such as invocations to the muse, epic similes, catalogues, and heroic battles, but applies them to inconsequential matters.

Satirical Tone

Employs irony, sarcasm, and exaggeration to ridicule its subject, often highlighting the absurdity of human behaviour or societal practices.

Mundane Subjects

Focuses on ordinary or insignificant events, elevating them to epic proportions to underscore their triviality and mock the seriousness with which they are treated.

Themes

Vanity and Folly

Highlights the vanity and folly of human endeavours, especially those of the upper classes or literary figures.

Social Critique

Critiques societal norms, class pretensions, and the superficiality of social rituals.

Literary Parody

Parodies, classical epics, and contemporary literary works poking fun at their conventions and pretensions.

Irony and Satire

Uses irony and satire to expose the absurdity and triviality of the subject matter.Structure and Conventions

Structure

Invocation to the Muse

Begins with a formal invocation to the muse, asking for inspiration, similar to classical epics.

Epic Similes and Metaphors

Uses elaborate similes and metaphors to describe mundane events in a splendid manner.

Heroic Deeds and Battles

Depicts everyday actions as heroic deeds or battles, often with exaggerated seriousness.

Divine Intervention

Features gods, goddesses, or supernatural beings who intervene in the trivial affairs of the protagonists.

Formal Structure

Often written in heroic couplets or other formal verse structures associated with epic poetry.

Notable Examples

    • The Rape of the Lock by Alexander Pope
    • The Dunciad by Alexander Pope
    • Mac Flecknoe by John Dryden
    • Hudibras by Samuel Butler

Mock-epics play a vital role in the history of satirical literature. They demonstrate how the forms and conventions of one genre can be repurposed to create humour and critique. They continue to influence writers and remind them of the power of irony and satire in literature.

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Devika Panikar
Devika Panikar
δάσκαλος (dáskalos) means the teacher in Greek. Devika Panikar has been teaching English Language and Literature since 2006. She is an Assistant Professor with the Directorate of Collegiate Education under the Government of Kerala and now works at the Government College Kasaragod. This website is a collection of lecture notes she prepared by referring to various sources for her students’ perusal.

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