Devika Panikar
δάσκαλος (dáskalos) means the teacher in Greek. Devika Panikar has been teaching English Language and Literature since 2006. She is an Assistant Professor with the Directorate of Collegiate Education under the Government of Kerala and now works at the Government College Kasaragod. This website is a collection of lecture notes she prepared by referring to various sources for her students’ perusal.
Email Writing
Email stands for electronic mail. It is the easiest and the cheapest way of communication. It is used in formal, semi-formal as well as an informal way of expression or writing.Every email you wri...
Analysis Using TG Grammar
In English, sentences are always made up of noun phrases (NP) and verb phrases (VP).A noun phrase should always contain at least a noun. It can also contain a determiner (Det), an adjective, and a p...
The Transformational Framework
TG grammar makes use of transformations. The transformational component helps to convert structures from one level to another. In TG analysis we start with the kernel sentence to which PS rules are ap...
Transformational Rules
Transformational Generative grammar is based on the assumption that sentences are of two types- those with the simplest structures are called the basic or kernel sentences. Several sentences with more...
Question Tags
A tag question is a special construction in English. It is a statement followed by a mini-question. We use tag questions to ask for confirmation. They mean something like: "Is that right?" or "Do you ...
An Introduction to TG Grammar
Transformational grammar is a theory of grammar that accounts for the constructions of a language by linguistic transformations and phrase structures. It is also known as transformational generative g...
Barriers to Reading
The major hurdles in developing efficient reading are:Lack of concentration
Uninteresting subject matter
Lack of motivation
Faulty reading habits
Defective Reading
...
Why Transformational Generative Grammar?
In Syntactic Structures, Chomsky claims that one of the main reasons for preferring a transformational grammar to a phrase structure grammar is that the former is, in a certain sense, simpler than the...
Understanding Graphics and Visual Aids
Understanding graphics and visual aids is essential to reading comprehension, especially in academic and professional texts. Graphics and visual aids, such as charts, graphs, diagrams, maps, and photo...
Improving Reading Skills
Improving reading skills is vital for academic success and lifelong learning. It involves a combination of practice, strategy, and exposure to diverse texts. Strong reading skills enable a better unde...